Sunlight injures the skin, particularly the epidermis, the first layer of skin.  The overall effects of sun exposure are wrinkling blotchy pigmentation and roughness.  Sun-damaged skin also becomes less flexible and more easily bruised not to forget that sun damage is the major cause of skin cancer. The ultraviolet radiation divided into categories based on the wavelength (UVC - 100 to 290 nm, UVB - 290 to 320 nm, UVA - 320 to 400 nm). Both UVA and UVB radiation can cause skin damage including wrinkles, lowered immunity against infection, aging skin disorders, and cancer. Some of the possible mechanisms for UV skin damage are collagen breakdown, the formation of free radicals, interfering with DNA repair, and inhibiting the immune system. In hot weather, the combination of heat, sweating can increase the severity in those suffering from eczema because of dry skin and fungal skin infections. 

Air pollution seriously affects the skin. It increases the oxidation of the sebum, causes pimple formation, premature aging, allergies, rashes, and skin dehydration. We can prevent ourselves from sun damage by using sunscreen for the whole year. Moisturizer acts as a barrier between your skin and the environmental pollutants and moisturizing your skin at the same time. Cleansing the face, face creams, and body lotions containing antioxidants, fatty acids, vitamins, and hydrants will help you fight air pollution. Toner removes any last traces of dirt and impurities stuck in your pores after you wash your face. When added to your daily skincare routine and used regularly, it can positively impact the appearance and tightness of your pores. Eating as many fruits and vegetables as possible to supply yourself with vitamins, minerals, fruity acids. Drinking a lot of water, at least 3-4 liters will also be beneficial for your skin. Always remove your make up in the evening and cleanse your face with skin appropriate products. Steam your face once a week to cleanse your skin in deep and to open the pores. Regularly applying face masks and getting facials is essential of course after consulting with your dermatologist.

Sunscreens work by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering the sun's rays on the skin. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays. They do a better job of protecting skin from other effects of the sun including photodamage, photodermatitis, and rashes from the sun. If you must be in the sun, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of at least 30-50, even on cloudy days. Sunscreen should be applied ½ hour before going outdoors and sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30-50 must be used and reapplied every three hours. Individuals with a family history of skin cancer and lighter skin types should be more careful. Dark skin has more protective melanin and tans more easily than it burns but also note that tanning is a sign of sun damage.  That’s why I recommend, regardless of your skin tone, wear sunscreen with a SPF of 30-50.